Pharmacokinetics
Traversing the Cell Membrane
Structure of a Cell Membrane
The Role of Lipid Solubility
Diffusion vs. Active Transport
Passive Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Absorption
Paths of Drug Absorption
Oral Administration
Intravenous Administration
Subcutaneous Administration
Inhalation
Absorption of Orally Administered Drugs
Stomach
Small Intestine
Drug Solubility and the Liver
Factors Affecting GI Absorption
Gastric Emptying
First Pass Effect
Drug Solubility and the Digestive System
Reverse Transport
Distribution
How Drugs are Distributed
Distribution Equilibrium
Capillary Structure
Factors Affecting Distribution
Volume of Blood Flow
Plasma Protein Binding
Blood-brain Barrier
Tissue Binding
Metabolism
Sites of Metabolism
Metabolite Activity
Role of Enzymes
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
Induction
Inhibition
Excretion
Sites of Excretion
Kidneys
Liver
Lungs
Breast
Renal Excretion
Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Secretion
Pharmacodynamics
Clinical Effects
Mechanism of Action
Nature of Receptors
Agonist
Antagonist
Drug-receptor Interactions
Selectivity
Affinity
Coupling Efficiency
Number of Receptors
Types of Agonists
Types of Antagonists
Theraputic Drug Levels
Measuring Pharmocokinetcs
Plasma-drug-concentration - time curve
Bioavailability
Graphing Bioavailibility
Calculating Bioavailability
Bioequivalence
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Half Life
Measuring Pharmacodynamics
Dose-responsibe curve
Dose-percent curve
Time-response curve
Efficacy
Potency
Minimum and maximum effective dose
Medium effective dose
Median toxic dose
Median lethal dose
Theraputic range
Achieving the Steady State
Continuous vs. intermittent administration
Continuous administration
Intermittent administration
Time to steady state
Dose and steady state
Dosing frequency and steady state
Loading and maintenance doses
Adverse Effects
Cause of Adverse Effects
Classifying Adverse Effects
Severity
Onset
Dose dependency
Reversibility
Local vs. systematic effects
Drug Interaction
Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction
Altering Drug Absorbtion
Absorption
Chelation
Delay of gastric emptying
Alteration of pH
Inhibition of reverse transport
Altered drug distribution
Altered drug metabolism
Induction
Inhibition
Altered drug excretion
Pharmacodynamic Drug Interaction
Additive drug interactions
Synergistic drug interactions
Antagonistic drug interactions
Drug Delivery
Route of Drug Admininstration
Enteral administration
Parenteral administration
Topical administration
Intranasal administration
Inhalation
Transdermal
Drug Form
Oral drug forms
Parenteral drug forms
Topical drug forms
Other drug forms
Drug Formulations
Drug dosing
Dosing units
Dosing abbreviations
Selecting the dose/dosage
Assessment
Final Exam
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